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From https://www.empoweringells.com

Here is a nice article by Katie Toppel, a K-5 English Language Development Specialist in Oregon who also teaches as an Adjunct Professor of ESOL courses at Portland State University, about culturally responsive communication that empowers English learners to participate in classroom discussions. Her conclusion: 

"Classrooms where students must raise their hands for permission to speak, and only one student speaks at a time, privilege students who are willing to raise their hand to speak in front of the entire group. Those circumstances are not ideal for promoting language production among English Learners who may experience self-consciousness and stress about speaking in English when they are still acquiring the language.

"When teachers incorporate culturally and linguistically responsive protocols for classroom communication, English learners will have more opportunities to speak and to practice target language in circumstances that allow them to feel more comfortable, supported, and engaged.

"Of course, we can look to the experts for different methods that promote student talk. Yet, ultimately, we are the experts about our students and are most equipped to determine what types of communication practices will have the best outcomes for them."

Read the full article, which includes links to resources for implementing some of the strategies she recommends, at https://www.empoweringells.com/participation/