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From http://www.eltresearchbites.com/

Leo Selivan summarizes a 2017 article by Di Zou in which the effectiveness of cloze exercises, sentence writing, and composition writing is compared for vocabulary learning. The results: "Participants in the composition writing group got the highest scores on the test (15.9), followed by the sentence writing group (12.3) and the cloze exercise group with the lowest score (8.3). Predictably, the delayed post-test yielded slightly lower scores in all three groups but the order remained the same with the composition writing group in the lead." Read the full research summary at http://www.eltresearchbites.com/201711-gap-fill-sentence-writing-or-composition-which-task-leads-to-better-vocabulary-learning/